VOA [Voice of America] Global English : December 17, 2018 05:00PM-06:00PM EST
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VOA [Voice of America] Global English : December 17, 2018 05:00PM-06:00PM EST
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- 2018-12-17
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- VOA [Voice of America] Global English
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00:00:00
It's tied to a Russian agency that was named
to the special counsel indictment for
00:00:04
a social media operation aimed at influencing
the two thousand and sixteen race
00:00:09
prime minister to resign May says the
postponed vote in parliament on Britain's
00:00:14
Breck's it agreement with the European
Union will be held the week of January
00:00:18
fourteenth more than
00:00:20
a month after it was originally scheduled
and just ten weeks before Britain must
00:00:25
leave the E.U.
00:00:26
Associated Press correspondent Karen Chamas
reports that he was trying to prevent
00:00:31
economic damage to the possible messy exit
from the UN months to twenty nine. Be in
00:00:36
place struggled to commit still make has
to fight for how complicated divorce deal
00:00:41
in January or even I was going to
everyone's personal deal but it is
00:00:46
a compromise that is we believe that the
plastics be the end of the infertility
00:00:52
that we risk feeding we
here we are ready for
00:00:55
a growing number of politicians from
across the political spectrum believe
00:00:58
a new best friend then may be
any way to break the but it's
00:01:02
a break but may total may cause that
staging another referendum would not be
00:01:06
Democrats in another post which would do
irreparable damage to the integrity of all
00:01:10
which they were no public signs on
Monday of ending a stalemate over U.S.
00:01:15
Government spending that threatens to
partially shut down some federal agencies at
00:01:20
midnight on Friday the White House gave
no indication of what funding Planned It
00:01:24
might accept to avert closing
about a quarter of U.S.
00:01:27
Operations a dispute that
centers on President Trump
00:01:30
a proposed wall along the US
Mexico border Trump has called for
00:01:35
a five billion dollar downpayment for the
twenty billion dollars Wall but his plan
00:01:40
is adamantly opposed by Democrats and
even some Republicans leaving its fate in
00:01:44
doubt Democrats have offered
00:01:46
a maximum of one point six billion
for enhanced border security but not
00:01:51
specifically for the war lawmakers are
waiting for word from the White House on how
00:01:56
it wants to end the impasse. You can find
more on these and other late breaking and
00:02:02
developing stories from around the
world around the clock at V.O.A.
00:02:07
Knew dot com and on the V.O.A.
00:02:10
News mobile app on Christopher Cruz V.O.A.
00:02:15
New. Created three
00:02:21
action if. You know like that little bit
more trouble on the digital want to happen
00:02:27
. North Korea voices opposition
to new sanctions It's
00:02:34
Tuesday December eighteenth this is V.O.A.
00:02:36
Asia Hello and welcome I'm Jim Stevenson
in Washington you'll find us on Facebook
00:02:42
at V.O.A.
00:02:42
Asia Also ahead me and more women are being
trafficked to China Australia sharpens
00:02:48
its Middle East policy south front is
suffering in Kashmir cats learning from
00:02:53
people holidays at the White House
it's all of today's be away Asia.
00:03:03
North Korea has turned up the rhetoric
heat criticizing the latest U.S.
00:03:08
Sanctions targeting three North Koreans
for rights abuses the Foreign Ministry
00:03:13
expressed it shock and indignation and
accused the United States of being bent on
00:03:18
bringing relations back to the status of
last year which was marked by exchanges of
00:03:23
fire it warned further such sanctions would
block the path to denuclearization on
00:03:28
the Korean Peninsula forever Washington
last week announced that three North Korean
00:03:33
officials including
00:03:34
a close aide to North Korean leader Kim
Jong were being sanctioned over rights
00:03:38
abuses and censorship sanctions
involve asset freezes covered by U.S.
00:03:44
Jurisdiction and
00:03:45
a ban on transactions with the Americans
Harry cuz the honest director of Defense
00:03:50
Studies at the Center for the national
interest tells Vo ways Victor BEATTIE The
00:03:54
prospect of another U.S.
00:03:56
North Korean summit appears uncertain for
the time being. In the one hand you have
00:04:01
North Korea making sort of veiled threats
once again which is one of the reasons
00:04:05
the troubled ministration got very upset
with North Korea there is actually one of
00:04:08
the reason they cancel that the truck can
stop it before we eventually had that
00:04:13
Singapore so I think the North Korean to
be very careful here but the same time you
00:04:17
have other situations that actually make
me feel that things are going really well
00:04:22
we've had
00:04:22
a number of South Korean North Korean
initiatives you know taking apart mines whole
00:04:28
sections of minefields working to demilitarize
the actual the militarized zone so
00:04:34
there has been some good into Korean
progress at the same time Kim your group did
00:04:39
not make his his visit to Seoul which he
was supposed to do really in the last two
00:04:44
weeks so reading the tea leaves the North
Korea right now is very very hard there's
00:04:49
a lot of good in
00:04:50
a lot of doubt and usually at the end of
the day that usually doesn't bode well on
00:04:54
Friday President from decanted he's in no
hurry for the did nuclearization of North
00:04:59
Korea that sounds like President Obama
strategic patience policy and it's funny
00:05:04
because that was one of the things that
Donald Trump was very angry at it did not
00:05:08
like that policy but it almost feels like
very very soon surely and very slowly
00:05:13
we're almost moving back to that same
posture of North Korea the United States
00:05:17
doesn't seem like it tonight and offer
00:05:20
a lot of concessions to Pyongyang at the
same time Pyongyang to them so I can write
00:05:24
off about
00:05:24
a confession to Washington and it almost
feels like we're going back to where we
00:05:28
were back in you know two thousand and
eleven two thousand and twelve where no
00:05:32
sides were talking but at the same time
the North Korean nuclear threat keeps
00:05:35
getting worse and worse they're able to
build more missiles more declare war and
00:05:40
not that itself is concerning there's been
much talk about a possible second U.S.
00:05:45
North Korea summit but the two sides have
yet to even to reschedule working level
00:05:49
talks yet it concerning I mean it
is reaction appear. Like that looks
00:05:54
a little more troublesome and as if it won't
happen I think the real point for had
00:05:59
. If someone is there we
need to be some sort of
00:06:02
a leap forward both sides would have to
be willing to get something at the end of
00:06:06
the third into current summit with President
known and can join their church they
00:06:11
can join had offered essential either
inspections of the or the closing of the
00:06:16
young nuclear facility in exchange for what
he called course corresponding measures
00:06:21
now
00:06:22
a lot of people at the time so we're saying
that that was either sanctions relief
00:06:26
or some sort of end of war declaration I
think that could be that the thing that
00:06:31
Kim Jong un and Donald Trump get together
ought to have the summit but the most
00:06:36
important thing at all here is we cannot
expect this to be fixed in days months
00:06:41
even years five have to build trust in
order to make bigger concessions so it's
00:06:48
a little disingenuous to have these big
summit and how these good leader to leader
00:06:52
talks when the working level folks aren't
getting together because that those
00:06:56
working level discussions that you're
going to actually have the agreements the
00:07:01
South Korean news agency
Yonhap reports the U.S.
00:07:04
Special representative on North Korea
policy Stephen begun will visit Seoul this
00:07:09
week to find ways to salvage the denuclearization
process no meaningful discussions
00:07:14
have taken place since U.S.
00:07:16
Secretary of State Mike Pompei
of visited young October seventh
00:07:21
a meeting between POMPEI O and his North
Korean counterpart Kim Young children New
00:07:25
York on November eighth was postponed.
00:07:33
These are among some of the top Asia stories
that you'll find right now when you
00:07:37
visit V.O.A.
00:07:38
News dot com Malaysia charges Goldman
Sachs two employees and one M.T.V.
00:07:44
Pro. Chinese get chances to invest in
Vietnam despite political rifts the U.S.
00:07:51
And China trade barbs at W T O amid calls
for reform. Other was Ambassador meets
00:07:57
with second Canadian citizen arrested
in China Nissan board meets no chairman
00:08:03
picked expanded coverage of these stories
add more can be found on Facebook at
00:08:08
V.O.A. Asia you'll also find
quite a bit on the V.O.A.
00:08:12
News dot com website.
00:08:28
View Asia continues I'm Jim Stevenson in
Washington thousands of women and girls
00:08:34
are being trafficked from Myanmar to China
and forced to marry and bear children
00:08:39
that's the finding of research led by the
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
00:08:43
Health and the cuts in women's association
of Thailand the always Asia's Ira
00:08:48
Mehlman spoke via Skype with Cortland
Robinson associate professor at the Bloomberg
00:08:53
School and the report's lead author Dr
Robinson was asked if the report held many
00:08:59
surprises I think we were
surprised at the proportion
00:09:06
but roughly forty percent of those we
interviewed on had dead buried to the Chinese
00:09:11
there were currently or formerly buried
with the last five years. Experienced.
00:09:18
Forced marriage and
00:09:19
a smaller percentage about twenty three
percent I believe experience trafficking it
00:09:23
to forced marriage which in fault some
kind of deceit. In the context of. The
00:09:30
recruited to do affair transported or harbor
in the context of moving into China or
00:09:37
being deceived into. Berridge
that they didn't know the full
00:09:44
gender debenture I would also add that
we found whether in forced marriage more
00:09:50
thought but more particularly in
00:09:52
a context of forced marriage quite high
rates of intimate partner violence
00:09:58
controlling behavior physical.
And sexual violence and
00:10:05
psychological abuse so all
of these tell a story of
00:10:11
a frill. Vulnerability do you
have numbers to tell us how
00:10:18
major
00:10:19
a problem misses them subside from each
individual situation we have estimated that
00:10:24
there are approximately ten thousand or
so we have been in China currently living
00:10:30
just within the. Area province
who by our estimations are.
00:10:38
Either now or have big within the
last five years. A victim of forced
00:10:44
marriage. And over the last five years
about seventy five hundred or so women.
00:10:52
Have returned from China.
State or state who have.
00:11:00
Experienced forced marriage sometime
in the last five years and returned
00:11:06
a subset of that experience for childbearing
So about eighty percent with it in
00:11:11
a forced marriage have had
00:11:13
a child so that was clear drivers of
the arrangement that people. In China
00:11:20
particularly men who are not if you will
competitive in marriage market maybe.
00:11:27
Lower education lorry income
maybe older maybe have other
00:11:34
issues. Simply are not
available to. Obtain
00:11:41
abroad. In the ordinary context
of going out and being seen
00:11:48
as
00:11:48
a good thing because of the. Quite significant
male female sex ratio of ballots about
00:11:56
twenty males for one hundred
females on. Average across
00:12:01
a survey at the national level what about
China's one child policy how did this
00:12:07
contribute to discipline did give. Strong
what is called an democratic circle
00:12:14
sudden preference that is to say.
If you're going to have one child
00:12:18
a strong preference that that child be
00:12:20
a boy so you end up with or boys and girls
being married now the one child policy
00:12:27
has been sort of fully did declared null
and void and that may change the dynamics
00:12:32
over time and there is some evidence
suggest that's already happening but it's
00:12:37
certainly too late for
00:12:38
a lot of older males who don't have
the means by which to. Negotiate
00:12:46
a broad hits you have this market
for. Foreign broads ethnic minorities
00:12:52
people coming into documents all of whom
or. Much more exploitable into these
00:12:59
kinds of conditions of force and that
often abuse. The report makes several
00:13:06
recommendations to reduce forced marriages
in the region among them the government
00:13:11
of Myanmar should institute policies to
protect me and Mar residence and would be
00:13:15
migrants through the issuance of personal
identification documents that would
00:13:20
provide them with proof of citizenship and
nationality and enable them to obtain
00:13:25
travel passes and work authorization in
China and that the Chinese government
00:13:30
should allow women girls men and boys
fleeing the conflict in Myanmar to access
00:13:35
safe refuge and humanitarian aid in China
thereby reducing their vulnerability and
00:13:41
being exploited and trafficked. Happening
00:13:48
now in Asia the wives of four China's most
prominent rights lawyers and activists
00:13:52
shaved their heads Monday in protest over
what they called the persecution of their
00:13:56
husbands by the government find the latest
developments for the story and more
00:14:00
online by watching video weigh
sixty stay up to date with V.O.A.
00:14:05
You're listening to V.O.A.
00:14:06
Asia.
00:14:14
We're glad as always to
have you with us on V.O.A.
00:14:16
Asia Australia will recognise Western
Roussillon as the capital of Israel but will
00:14:22
not immediately move its embassy from Tel
Aviv Prime Minister Scott Morrison will
00:14:27
also acknowledge the aspirations
of Palestinians for
00:14:30
a future state with its capital in East
Jerusalem we hear more from Phil Mercer in
00:14:35
Sydney Australia says it won't be moving
its embassy in Israel to Jerusalem but
00:14:41
could do so in the future if the city's
status is finalized under repeat
00:14:45
settlements you know Prime Minister Scott
Morrison said he found documents in favor
00:14:51
of moving Australia's diplomatic presence
from Tel Aviv to be persuasive he denied
00:14:57
his comments were an attempt
to influence Jewish voters in
00:15:00
a crucial byelection in Sydney there was
support from the Israeli government but
00:15:06
Palestinian leaders said Australia
risks becoming an international pariah
00:15:11
a major trade deal between Australia and
neighboring Indonesia which has the
00:15:15
world's largest Muslim population is also
being jeopardized because of speculation
00:15:21
Kember could move its embassy to Jerusalem
the decision not to relocate the
00:15:26
Australian Embassy should ease some of that
diplomatic pressure according to Daniel
00:15:31
Fenton managing editor of the
Lowy Institute Sinterklaas
00:15:35
a magazine produced by the Sydney based
think tank that really depends on the
00:15:40
reaction of the rest of the world
as to whether or not. Government
00:15:47
different betraying when you're not
00:15:50
a Mike. And the rest of the
world reacts because you know.
00:15:57
When it's trial you might
decision and there is
00:16:00
a risk that some countries might choose to
try and Mike try your neighbors and try
00:16:06
and punish
00:16:07
a strike consequent last December President
Donald Trump overturned decades of U.S.
00:16:13
Neutrality when he recognized the divided
city as Israel's capital prompting
00:16:18
widespread condemnation it led to the
Palestinian Authority cutting off dialogue
00:16:24
with Washington at the time the trumpet
ministration said it was strongly committed
00:16:29
to achieving
00:16:30
a last thing and comprehensive peace in
the region the American Embassy was moved
00:16:35
from Tel Aviv in May film a set of V.O.A.
00:16:39
News Sydney Coming up a spice that
needs water you're listening to V.O.A.
00:16:45
Asia. Wrong stories you've heard
on our radio programs visit our
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website at the L.A.
00:16:53
News fell and. That's where you'll find
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00:17:00
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00:17:02
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Program that's at near
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a news desk currently. On
minute protruding more of. This
00:17:19
news from V.O.A.
00:17:20
Asia Malaysia has filed criminal charges
against Goldman Sachs and two former
00:17:25
executives for their role in the alleged
multi-billion dollar defrauding of state
00:17:30
investment fund one and D B relation
officials were allegedly bribed into picking
00:17:35
the bank to underwrite six point five
billion dollars in funds Goldman Sachs
00:17:39
received six hundred million and
see no fee needed to visit V.O.A.
00:17:43
Asia Facebook as the way Asia continues
saffron is one of the world's most
00:17:50
expensive spices it roughly costs four
thousand dollars for one kilogram in India
00:17:56
and it's mainly cultivated in Kashmir Kashmir
is considered one of the three prime
00:18:01
locations for saffron farming due to its
terrain soil quality and weather however
00:18:08
due to unpredictable changes in climate in
the last couple years saffron production
00:18:13
in the Kashmir valley has been in decline
the always Zubair Dar and use of Jimmy
00:18:18
will have more on this as beige on Home
Guard narrates their report. The long and
00:18:23
so from filaments are the three deep red
threads of the saffron flower these are
00:18:29
carefully picked from the flower by hand
each kilogram of saffron is derived from
00:18:34
about one hundred fifty thousand such
flowers here saffron sells at high rates in
00:18:39
Kashmir but saffron production has declined
in the last three years due to severe
00:18:44
change in temperature that middleman there
must be at least three rainfalls in
00:18:50
a year for good saffron yields this year
we didn't receive even five percent of the
00:18:55
rain we normally get the biggest problem
is lack of irrigation the saffron flowers
00:19:00
bloom was an October through November and
must get plenty of water before that
00:19:05
located on the outskirts of the capital
city Nagar pump or is the valleys south
00:19:10
from the street nearly ninety percent
of the cultivation of the exotic purple
00:19:15
flower takes place here it is said that
saffron has been growing in the fields of
00:19:20
Palm for close to two thousand five hundred
years traditionally pumper would host
00:19:24
a harvest festival after
00:19:26
a successful crops like something
the area has not seen in
00:19:30
a few years and they're
already in the event of
00:19:34
a good crop the festival will be held
here everyone would be celebrating and be
00:19:39
happy but the cell phone cultivation has
suffered enormously during the past two to
00:19:45
three years you can see beggars take more
flowers than I could pluck. As if that
00:19:51
was not enough for the local farmers are
saffron is now facing fierce competition
00:19:57
in the Indian markets they've been
growing well ever since the saffron from
00:20:01
overseas reached even markets the Kashmiri
progress has lost its demand on ranchers
00:20:07
. First star of the saffron research
station believes weather is not the only
00:20:14
reason why local saffron
farmers are seeing
00:20:17
a decline in demand if you will fish
they look inside. The. Main reason is
00:20:23
inefficient marketing the farmers are not
getting the price they should get for
00:20:26
their protests the rainfall and
urbanization of the area would have created
00:20:32
a problem just experts say that approximately
one hundred twenty to one hundred
00:20:36
sixty kilograms of Saffron was being
produced per hectare of land in two thousand
00:20:41
and five compared with just twelve kilograms
last year this year the production may
00:20:46
come down even more. Freezer bags are in
use of Jeremy Lin sitting under this is
00:20:53
based on him the feelings. This news from
00:21:00
V.O.A.
00:21:00
Asia the Chinese Foreign Ministry said Beijing
would guarantee the rights of Canadian
00:21:04
detainees are protected after Canadian
diplomats gained consular access to the
00:21:09
second of two men detained by China in
the past week the detentions are seen as
00:21:14
retaliation for Canada's detention of
00:21:16
a while away executive all the big stories
come your way through the day on the
00:21:20
away age of Facebook this is
the way Asia. Now and V.O.A.
00:21:26
Asia anyone who has cats knows they're
smart but anyone who knows cats knows they
00:21:32
can also seem
00:21:33
a bit aloof at least until dinner time but
don't let them for you it turns out your
00:21:38
cat is watching you closely and via ways
Kevin Enoch's reports they are taking
00:21:43
behavioral cues from the humans. We all
know about the ancient and special
00:21:50
bond between dogs and humans are canine
friends can read our tone of voice and our
00:21:55
expression when they look into our eyes
for clues that help our two species get
00:21:59
along so well. Well move over rover because
it turns out your house cat far from
00:22:05
being the aloof master of the House can
do the same thing you know the phone did
00:22:11
that cats on Betty Gould in following
the human gazing seen us in
00:22:17
experiments researchers put two exactly
alike bowls of food on the floor but only
00:22:23
looked at one and guess which one the cat
went to whether it be the way sustain the
00:22:29
gaze of any Don't take off or eyes from
the dog at what we do when moment Tony
00:22:36
gaze a man and he just
look sharply on the top
00:22:39
a gap and then turn back to the cats all
independently of the difficulty of the
00:22:44
level of difficulty of this case he gets
00:22:47
a very good in following the question these
researchers are asking now is it just
00:22:53
cats and dogs who have learned to do this
because they have lived with us for so
00:22:57
long or is it something that animals
just do gets Lerton spontaneously
00:23:04
that back humans look at it
can be important and this is
00:23:08
a very interesting thing because then you
could ask that OK if it is not in need
00:23:15
but the cats live meet. Any other in any
manner and this is the only test on this
00:23:21
done so far but the results were clear
that I could little Again I must be
00:23:27
established whether the given cat performed
better than picking randomly so our
00:23:31
results show that their success rate was
seventy percent overall to get Researchers
00:23:36
say one of the reasons it has taken so long
to learn about this behavior is because
00:23:40
cats are notoriously hard to
study at given Enoch's vu
00:23:45
a new. Since President John Adams and first
lady Abigail Adams Christmas party at
00:23:51
the White House in December one thousand
nine hundred were entered time in the U.S.
00:23:55
President's residence has been filled with
various holiday festivities your ways
00:24:00
Patsy would go swap. Tells us
this year first lady Maloney
00:24:03
a Trump has ducked the White House halls
in the spirit of the patriotic FIM
00:24:07
American treasures. It's
00:24:14
that time of the year at six hundred
Pennsylvania Avenue. For my new term second
00:24:20
Christmas here she follows the tradition
of first ladies decking the White House it
00:24:25
was Jacqueline Kennedy who started this
tradition of having an annual blue ribbon
00:24:29
Christmas tree and that she would pick out
00:24:31
a specific FIM to base the decoration of
that tree but also the decorations for the
00:24:36
rest of the House and really since one
thousand nine hundred sixty one that's been
00:24:40
fairly consistent and the
first lady has always taken
00:24:43
a very prominent role in decorating the
house this year Trump chose the patriotic
00:24:49
theme American treasures and featured
ornaments that highlight her be best anti
00:24:53
bullying campaign but it was her crimson
trees that turned heads and drew mockery
00:24:59
on line we are in twenty first
century and everybody has
00:25:02
a different taste I think they
look fantastic but I agree
00:25:09
to why it's not the first time Christmas
trees between the center of attention
00:25:15
Merry Christmas Day as well as the morning
in the early nineteen points President
00:25:20
Theodore Roosevelt did not celebrate with
the tree but his son Archie had one in
00:25:24
the closet that sort of became one of
these great stories that emerged from the
00:25:28
White House that you know the press had
been waiting they wanted to know are there
00:25:31
Roosevelt's getting the tree are they getting
the tree at Archie sort of creates it
00:25:35
for them. In the minute Tom did not start
the red tray and cranberry trees have
00:25:42
been displayed in the White House since the
one nine hundred seventy five and have
00:25:45
become
00:25:45
a consistent teacher since the Reagan
administration Nancy Reagan has always been
00:25:51
a fan of Red her her first
lady portrait she's wearing
00:25:53
a red dress her state China is in red so
it makes sense that she would be such
00:25:59
a strong supporter of that tradition. The
White House and of the Year festivities
00:26:06
are rich and tradition that centers around
the Christmas tree from Jackie Kennedy's
00:26:11
The Nutcracker Suite Hillary Clinton
sentence which two millenia tops American
00:26:17
treasures each first lady has celebrated
the holiday spirit in her own way.
00:26:25
You know news at the White House.
You've been listening to V.O.A.
00:26:30
Asia find us online at Feel way Asia
face book at our website V.O.A.
00:26:35
News dot com You'll also find us on the
radio like Falcon radio and Adab Singh
00:26:40
university in the Philippines thanks to
everyone there who tuned in to our program
00:26:44
today our thanks as well go out to
director Tracey Carter engineer I did the
00:26:50
managing editor Diane gal and our V.O.A.
00:26:53
Asia team that Schuyler Ah good Ira Mehlman
Doug Bernard keep playing ad and cook
00:26:59
I'm Jim Stevenson we're all in
Washington we hope you have
00:27:02
a terrific day ahead. With
00:27:13
the. Welcome
00:27:20
to learning English
00:27:22
a daily thirty minute program from the Voice
of America I'm Jonathan Evans its And
00:27:28
I'm Ashley THOMPSON This program is
aimed at English learners so we speak
00:27:35
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:27:41
English. Today on the program you
00:27:48
will hear from Kelly Gene Kelly and Katie
Weaver later Steve Amber who will present
00:27:54
our American history series The Making of
00:27:57
a nation but first here is Kelly
Gene Kelly. Many news stories
00:28:03
about the United States government tell
about Congress and American lawmakers
00:28:11
the US Congress is the nation's
legislature it is made of two parts the
00:28:17
Senate and the House of Representatives the
House of Representatives is called the
00:28:24
house for short and sometimes
it is called the people's house
00:28:31
that term was chosen as a nickname
because the men who wrote the U.S.
00:28:37
Constitution in seventeen eighty seven
set few restrictions on who could serve
00:28:43
there they wanted the house to be as
close as possible to everyday Americans
00:28:51
one of the writers of the Constitution
James Madison wrote about the house years
00:28:57
later he noted the door of this part
of the federal government is open to
00:29:04
merit of every description whether
native or adoptive whether young or old
00:29:11
and without regard to poverty or wealth
or to any particular profession of
00:29:17
religious faith in other words House
members can be born in the United States
00:29:24
or in any other country they can be
as young as twenty five years old or
00:29:31
as some members have been into their ninety's
they do not have to be rich and they
00:29:38
do not have to belong to any
religion however in reality for many
00:29:44
years only free white men were
permitted to serve as lawmakers women
00:29:51
and other groups had
00:29:53
a limited legal rights to say
the least. However as laws
00:30:00
changed over time members of the
House also changed the website
00:30:07
of the U.S.
00:30:08
House of Representatives notes the House's
first African-American member was
00:30:14
elected in eight hundred seventy the first
Hispanic member took office in eight
00:30:20
hundred seventy seven the first woman
member in one nine hundred seventeen the
00:30:27
first Asian American member in one thousand
nine hundred fifty seven and the first
00:30:33
African American woman member
in nineteen sixty nine the
00:30:39
country's constitution writers also
made the terms for House members short
00:30:46
compared to the president and senators
only two years one reason is so
00:30:53
House members would have to stay in close
contact with the people who live in the
00:30:59
area they represent otherwise
voters would soon have
00:31:04
a chance to push them out of office one
of the other central ideas about the
00:31:11
House of Representatives is that known
as proportional representation the
00:31:17
idea was that each member of the house
would represent thirty thousand U.S.
00:31:24
Citizens that situation would enable
states with large populations
00:31:31
to send more lawmakers to Congress but the
constitution writers of seven hundred
00:31:37
eighty seven struggled with how to count
00:31:41
a state's population. At that time more
than six hundred fifty thousand and
00:31:47
slaved people lived in the country after
much debate the constitution writers
00:31:54
decided the enslaved population would
be only partly counted for legal and
00:32:01
tax purposes. The decision is known
as the three fifths compromise
00:32:09
the first US House of Representatives
had sixty seven members as the
00:32:15
country's population grew the number of
House members increased from one hundred
00:32:22
five to one hundred forty two
and so on after the approval of
00:32:29
constitutional amendments following the
Civil War Most formerly enslaved people
00:32:35
were fully counted in the state's
population the house continued to grow into
00:32:42
the twentieth century finally in one
thousand twenty nine lawmakers officially
00:32:49
limited the total number of House members
to four hundred thirty five today each
00:32:56
member of the house represents about seven
hundred thousand people members of the
00:33:02
house along with the senators
develop national laws they also
00:33:09
help voters who live in their districts
deal with problems related to the
00:33:14
government and members of the House have
other important jobs they can investigate
00:33:21
people with government ties who are suspected
of wrongdoing for example members of
00:33:27
the House have looked into cases of
bribery corruption and abuses of power.
00:33:35
In the one nine hundred fifty S.
00:33:37
The House Un-American Activities Committee
demanded information from private
00:33:43
citizens suspected of Communist
activity but critics said the
00:33:49
committee had gone too far in time
the Supreme Court limited Congress's
00:33:56
power to investigate issues related to the
law instead of people's private beliefs
00:34:03
. Over its history the House has brought
impeachment charges against government
00:34:09
officials including presidents
more than sixty times. But only
00:34:16
a few officials were removed from office
of those Some were federal judges
00:34:22
accused of being drunk at court
members of Congress also have
00:34:29
what some call the power of the purse
in other words they control how the
00:34:35
government spends public money that House
of Representatives website explains that
00:34:42
the constitution writers wanted to put
spending decisions in the hands of the
00:34:48
people's representatives in Congress
Similarly the constitution writers did not
00:34:54
want the chief executive to decide alone
whether to take the country to war they
00:35:00
wanted to make war difficult to enter
they also wanted to prevent the president
00:35:08
from going to war because of political
or personal interests so they wrote
00:35:14
that the Congress had the power to
declare war. But in truth lawmakers
00:35:21
have only officially declared war eleven
times the last time was in one nine
00:35:28
hundred forty two since then Congress
has simply approved the use of military
00:35:35
force. I'm Kelly Gene Kelly.
00:35:52
Every day around fifty tons
of food waste arrives at
00:35:57
a factory outside of China that
is equal to the weight of seven
00:36:03
adult elephants once it arrives the
food waste goes through pipes and
00:36:10
into individual cells made of
wood there about one billion
00:36:17
cockroaches wait to feed people
usually see these insects as
00:36:23
dirty pests but in China they are
seen for their environmental and
00:36:30
economic value ever growing
Chinese cities like G nine
00:36:37
are creating more food waste than
they have room for in landfills
00:36:43
cockroaches are not only able to get rid
of food waste but they can become healthy
00:36:49
food for farm animals the in sacks
remains are even dead to offer cures for
00:36:56
stomach problems and other
health issues and humans.
00:37:03
As president of Shandong insect
Industry Association. Calls
00:37:10
cockroaches biotechnological pathway for
turning kitchen waste into something
00:37:16
useful. The food waste arrives at the G.
00:37:20
Nine factory before the sun
rises Chandon being an
00:37:26
agricultural technology company
operates the factory it has plans
00:37:33
to open three more next year and hopes
to process one third of the food
00:37:40
waste produced by G nuns
seven million people
00:37:45
a recent spread of African swine fever
led China to ban the use of food
00:37:52
waste as food for pigs but
cockroaches that eat the food waste
00:37:59
can become
00:38:00
a protein rich source of food for
pigs and other farm animals Chandon
00:38:08
bean chairwoman Lee Hong ye describes
the process as turning trash
00:38:15
into resources thousands
of kilometers away in
00:38:22
a small village in Sichuan
Province leaping has similar ideas
00:38:29
Lee who is forty seven used to
sell mobile phones he has invested
00:38:36
one million UN about one hundred
forty three thousand dollars in
00:38:42
cockroaches he sells them to pig
farms and Fisheries He also sells
00:38:49
them to drug companies which use the
insects in medicine and sometimes the
00:38:56
cockroaches provide
00:38:57
a tasty treat for his family Lee's
farm now has three point four
00:39:04
million cockroaches people think it's strange
that I do this kind of business lease
00:39:11
said it has great economic value and
my goal is to lead other villagers to
00:39:17
prosperity if they follow my lead.
His village currently has two farms
00:39:24
but Lee's goal is to create
twenty in the Sichuan city she
00:39:31
tongue
00:39:32
a company called good doctor has
about six billion cockroaches it
00:39:39
claims it is the biggest cockroach
farm in the world and uses artificial
00:39:46
intelligence or
00:39:47
a I to both control and
grow its Roach population
00:39:54
cockroaches live for about
six months once they die the
00:40:01
insects are treated with steam
next they are washed and dried
00:40:08
then the clean remains are sent to
00:40:12
a huge nutrient removal container
the extracts are then used in
00:40:18
medicines that good doctor produces
when Jan Gore oversees the
00:40:25
good Dr cockroach center and says
that cockroach extracts can be used
00:40:32
for treating ulcers skin
wounds and even stomach cancer
00:40:39
the South China Morning Post recently
reported that about forty million people in
00:40:45
China use good doctors cockroach extract
to treat stomach problems and other
00:40:52
sicknesses The company sells to four
thousand hospitals around the country. The
00:40:59
cockroaches at good doctor never leave
the controlled warm dark area that
00:41:06
when overseas but could the farm's
six billion in sex ever escape
00:41:13
when admits a mass a scape would make for
00:41:17
a good disaster movie but he has taken
steps to prevent that from ever happening
00:41:24
we have
00:41:24
a moat filled with water and fish when
said if the cockroaches escape they
00:41:31
will fall into the moat and
the fish will eat them all.
00:41:47
From V.O.A.
00:41:49
Learning English Welcome to the making of
00:41:52
a nation our weekly program
of American history for
00:41:56
a people learning English I'm Stephen
Breyer we've been discussing the president
00:42:02
say you have Thomas Jefferson he was
America's third president elected in one
00:42:09
thousand nine hundred. In our last
00:42:15
program we talked about the dispute between
Jefferson and the chief justice of the
00:42:21
United States Jefferson believed the
Constitution gave Congress the right
00:42:28
to decide the country's laws but Chief
Justice John Marshall believed the Supreme
00:42:35
Court added the final say the two
men's believes where tested in
00:42:41
a case called Marbury vs Madison
John Marshall's arguments one
00:42:48
he wrote
00:42:48
a decision saying the Supreme Court had
the power to rule on the laws that
00:42:55
Congress passed. The Supreme Court
did not act on that power during
00:43:01
Jefferson's administration but John
Marshall's decision did help establish the
00:43:08
role of the Supreme Court in the
American government the Marbury vs
00:43:15
Madison case is one of the important
legacies of Jefferson's presidency
00:43:22
but historian Joseph Ellis says it was
not the only one the major achievement
00:43:29
of Jefferson's presidency is the
Louisiana Purchase which is
00:43:33
a lot of luck as well as his willingness
to take advantage of the walk.
00:43:41
The story of the Louisiana Purchase
begins with France and Spain but two
00:43:47
European countries wanted to limit
the power of the United States so
00:43:54
in eighteen hundred Spain
and France entered into
00:43:59
a secret treaty in the treaty
Spain gave France control of
00:44:05
a large area in North America
called the Louisiana territory. The
00:44:12
Louisiana territory stretched north to
south from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada
00:44:20
and it stretched east to west from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains the
00:44:27
area was important not only for its large
size it also included some value of all
00:44:33
navigation features including where the
Mississippi River opened into the Gulf of
00:44:40
Mexico the Polian Bonaparte ruled
friend said that time Jefferson did not
00:44:47
want the Bolian in North America
he felt the French presence was
00:44:52
a threat to the peace of the United
States. He decided to try to buy
00:44:59
parts of the Louisiana territory as specially
around the mouth of the Mississippi
00:45:05
River near the city of New Orleans
Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris
00:45:12
as
00:45:12
a special negotiator but Monroe never had
the chance to offer the American position
00:45:20
now Polian had decided to sell everything
to be Americans he told his finance
00:45:27
minister to give up Louisiana all
of it Napoleon needed money for
00:45:33
a war with Britain James Monroe was happy
to negotiate the purchase of Louisiana
00:45:41
they agreed on the price of eighty million
francs for all the land drained by the
00:45:47
great Mississippi River
and all its many streams.
00:45:59
The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the
size of the United States at that time it
00:46:06
included the present day states
Arkansas Oklahoma Missouri
00:46:12
Kansas Iowa and Nebraska it
stretched into parts of Minnesota
00:46:19
South Dakota North Dakota
Montana Wyoming Colorado New
00:46:26
Mexico Texas and Louisiana
the Louisiana Purchase also
00:46:33
opened the Mississippi River to American
commerce and travel. Historian Andrew
00:46:40
O'Shaughnessy says that as
00:46:42
a result of this access the Louisiana
Purchase fueled the country's economic
00:46:48
expansion in the nineteenth century and
Mr O'Shaughnessy says the Louisiana
00:46:55
Purchase created more opportunities
for Americans to own land it was very
00:47:02
important to Jefferson because he
really wanted to every three men
00:47:09
thought he to be able to have land
regarded land. In many ways essential to
00:47:16
independence and their ability the will to
participate in the Republican government
00:47:23
but both Mr O'Shaughnessy and historian
Joseph Ellis say the Louisiana Purchase
00:47:29
went against Jefferson's believes
about central government Joseph
00:47:36
Ellis says that in many ways Jefferson's
presidency aimed to make the
00:47:42
federal government almost invisible and
to limit the president's power and
00:47:50
we have purchased the most authoritative
executive action in American presidential
00:47:54
history one president decides to buy the
Midwest and and he does it you know
00:48:01
laterally historians say of the Louisiana
Purchase is one example love Jefferson's
00:48:07
contradictory character in which he
says one thing but does another.
00:48:14
Andrew O'Shaughnessy and's that Jefferson
made trade offs when he bought Louisiana
00:48:22
Jefferson used presidential power in
00:48:25
a way that was not specifically
permitted by the Constitution. But Mr
00:48:32
O'Shaughnessy says Jefferson was also looking
to the higher good in the case of the
00:48:38
Louisiana Purchase the good of improving
the country's political health
00:48:46
federalists in the early eighteen hundreds
also questioned Jefferson's decision to
00:48:52
buy Louisiana they feared it would
weaken the power of the states of the
00:48:58
Northeast federalist leaders
made a plan to form
00:49:03
a new government of those states but to
succeed they needed the state of New
00:49:10
York their plan for
00:49:13
a new government led to another
memorable episode in American history
00:49:20
Aaron Burr was vice president during
Thomas Jefferson's first term
00:49:27
Berbick ame
00:49:27
a candidate for New York governor the
Federalist believed Burr would win the
00:49:34
election become governor and
support their plan but federalist
00:49:40
leader Alexander Hamilton did not
trust Berger but two had been enemies
00:49:47
for
00:49:48
a long time. AMOLED and made some strong
statements against Byrd during the election
00:49:55
campaign in New York
like the comments later
00:49:59
a beard in several newspapers Berger
lost the New York election the
00:50:06
Federalist plan for
00:50:08
a new government of Northeaster your young
kids story and Valerie Paley's says
00:50:13
Berger heard about Hamilton's strong
comments he was offended on a fling like
00:50:20
a couple it would hinged on
00:50:21
a word one word and were just simple
as. Bird asked Hamilton to admit or
00:50:28
deny the comments adult and refused
the two men exchanged more
00:50:35
notes Burr was not satisfied with
Hamilton's answers he believed
00:50:42
Hamilton had attacked his
honor Byrd demanded a do with
00:50:48
a duel is
00:50:49
a fight usually with guns Valerie
Perry says in those days gentlemen
00:50:56
often used duels to settle rivalries
and defend their honor so it wasn't so
00:51:03
much. To kill me we purposely Mr shot
and then everything will air would be
00:51:10
cleared Hamilton opposed duels yet
he agreed to fight bird on July
00:51:17
eleventh eighteen zero for the two men
met at we hawk in New Jersey just
00:51:23
across the Hudson River from New York City
the dual would take place by the water's
00:51:30
edge at the bottom of
00:51:32
a high rock wall. The guns were
loaded Bert and Hamilton took their
00:51:39
places one of Hamilton's friends
explain the rules are you ready
00:51:45
gentlemen he asked both
answered yes there was
00:51:50
a moment of silence he gave the
signal Bert and Hamilton raise their
00:51:56
guns. Two shots split the
air. Hamilton raised
00:52:03
up on his toes then fell to the
ground bird remained standing.
00:52:10
In looked at Hamilton with regret
then left Hamilton died the next day
00:52:17
it was not get fifty Valerie Paley's
says Hamilton's story is almost
00:52:24
like a television or newspaper
00:52:27
a drama he was extremely
attractive and he had such
00:52:31
a tick story. The immigrant boy from
the West Indies you know made good
00:52:38
come to New York goes. Becomes
00:52:43
a sort of self-taught aide to camp to
Washington all sorts of extraordinary things
00:52:49
Mary so well and also has
what modern America might
00:52:55
become and in many ways to implement
that early and early at that before he.
00:53:03
Hamilton had made a big impact on
the United States he had created
00:53:08
a national bank and influenced
many government policies
00:53:15
newspapers throughout the nation reported
his death most people accepted the news
00:53:22
calmly to them it was simply
the sad in to an old private
00:53:28
dispute.
00:53:37
In the months after Hamilton's death the
nation prepared for the next presidential
00:53:43
election. Once again the Republican
Party chose Thomas Jefferson as its
00:53:49
candidate for president but the Republicans
refused to support Aaron Burr for
00:53:56
vice president again instead they
chose George Clinton. Clinton had
00:54:03
served as governor of New York seven
times. The Federalist Party chose
00:54:10
Charles COATSWORTH think me of South
Carolina as its candidate for president
00:54:17
it chose Rufus King of New York to be
its vice presidential candidate. The
00:54:24
campaign was quiet in those days
candidates did not make many speeches
00:54:30
Republican templates told of the progress
made during the past four years the
00:54:37
former federalist administration
raised taxes they said Jefferson ended
00:54:44
many of the taxes the Federalists
borrowed millions of dollars Jefferson
00:54:51
Barr old nun and Jefferson got the
Louisiana territory without going to
00:54:57
war the Federalists could not dispute
these facts they expected that Jefferson
00:55:04
would be reelected but they were sure their
candidate would get as many as forty
00:55:10
eight electoral votes the results
shocked the Federalists Jefferson
00:55:17
received one hundred sixty two
electoral votes thank me deceived just
00:55:24
fourteen one man tried to explain the
meaning of Jefferson's great victory
00:55:31
he was John Quincy Adams son of
former President John Adams President
00:55:38
Adams had been
00:55:39
a firm federalist this is
what he's said. The power of
00:55:46
Jefferson's administration rests on
00:55:48
a strong majority of the American
people the president has great popular
00:55:55
support his reelection shows that
the experiment of the Federalists
00:56:02
as they are it never can and never
will be brought to life again
00:56:10
to try to bring it back would be foolish
it would be like trying to put life into
00:56:16
a body that has been buried for years
after the election of eighteen zero four
00:56:23
only seven Federalists remained in the
United States Senate only twenty five
00:56:30
remained in the House of Representatives
Thomas Jefferson would be president for
00:56:36
another four years. And
that's our program for
00:56:43
today listen again tomorrow to learn English
three stories from around the world
00:56:50
I'm Jonathan Evans and
I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:57:07
Below
00:57:07
a new. One Christopher fruit reporting
focused on organized peace talks involving
00:57:14
the United Arab Emirates on Monday
government officials were not immediately
00:57:19
available to discuss details of the meeting
but Taliban spokesman said the group's
00:57:24
representatives at the talks
spoke only to the U.S.
00:57:27
Team and had no plans to speak with
officials from Afghanistan's national unity
00:57:32
government. The U.S.
00:57:35
Military has carried out air strikes in
Somalia there are early reports of success
00:57:40
Associated Press correspondent
Karen Chamas reports the U.S.
00:57:43
Bases Africa Command said it carried out
full strikes on December the fifteenth in
00:57:47
which that people people were killed and
team will on December sixteenth which
00:57:51
killed twenty eight the command went on
to say that no civilians were injured or
00:57:55
killed in the attacks all six types
were carried out in close quarters with
00:57:59
Somalia's government which according to the
military conducts its But that also Bob
00:58:03
from using remote areas as
00:58:04
a safe haven to plot direct inspire and
recreate the teacher attacks as they're
00:58:09
praying to doing in those areas the U.S.
00:58:11
Military exceed the air strikes
did not kill any civilians U.S.
00:58:16
And Somali government forces have targeted
Shabab bases in Somalia's Lower Shabelle
00:58:21
region for years the U.N.
00:58:23
General Assembly voted nearly
unanimously on Monday to adopt
00:58:27
a framework to strengthen the international
response to the global refugee crisis
00:58:33
the United States and Hungary were the
only two nations to vote against the
00:58:37
so-called Global Compact on refugees one
hundred eighty one countries voted in
00:58:42
favor of the Dominican Republic
00:58:44
a rich Rio and Libya abstained over the
past months eighteen months States in
00:58:49
conjunction with the UN refugee agency
negotiated the non-binding document which
00:58:55
aims to ease the pressure on refugee
host countries this is V.O.A.
00:59:00
New. The United States is accusing two
former business associates of one time
00:59:07
trump national security advisor Michael
Flynn of illegally carrying out
00:59:11
a Turkish lobbying campaign in the United
States indictments were unsealed on
00:59:16
Monday against a sixty six
year old American and
00:59:19
a forty one year old Turk the two were
charged with conspiring to violate American
00:59:24
lobbying laws Prosecutors allege the men
worked with Flynn whom President Trump
00:59:29
named as his first national security chief
in twenty seventeen before firing him
00:59:34
less than a month later
00:59:36
a Senate report due to be released soon
says the Russian interference operation
00:59:42
discovered after the two thousand and
sixteen election was much bigger than
00:59:46
originally thought the Associated Press
Washington correspondent sagrada Ghani
00:59:50
reports from the White House the report
says there are still active and ongoing
00:59:55
Russian interference operations on social
media platforms private researchers eaves
01:00:00
data provided by Facebook Twitter
01:00:02
a company and Kylie report combined
with another report it's the first
01:00:07
comprehensive look Russian interference
on social media beyond what the companies
01:00:11
have said today's report says there
are still live accounts tied to
01:00:15
a Russian agency that was named to
the special counsel indictment for
01:00:19
a social media operation.
00:00:00
It's tied to a Russian agency that was named
to the special counsel indictment for
00:00:04
a social media operation aimed at influencing
the two thousand and sixteen race
00:00:09
prime minister to resign May says the
postponed vote in parliament on Britain's
00:00:14
Breck's it agreement with the European
Union will be held the week of January
00:00:18
fourteenth more than
00:00:20
a month after it was originally scheduled
and just ten weeks before Britain must
00:00:25
leave the E.U.
00:00:26
Associated Press correspondent Karen Chamas
reports that he was trying to prevent
00:00:31
economic damage to the possible messy exit
from the UN months to twenty nine. Be in
00:00:36
place struggled to commit still make has
to fight for how complicated divorce deal
00:00:41
in January or even I was going to
everyone's personal deal but it is
00:00:46
a compromise that is we believe that the
plastics be the end of the infertility
00:00:52
that we risk feeding we
here we are ready for
00:00:55
a growing number of politicians from
across the political spectrum believe
00:00:58
a new best friend then may be
any way to break the but it's
00:01:02
a break but may total may cause that
staging another referendum would not be
00:01:06
Democrats in another post which would do
irreparable damage to the integrity of all
00:01:10
which they were no public signs on
Monday of ending a stalemate over U.S.
00:01:15
Government spending that threatens to
partially shut down some federal agencies at
00:01:20
midnight on Friday the White House gave
no indication of what funding Planned It
00:01:24
might accept to avert closing
about a quarter of U.S.
00:01:27
Operations a dispute that
centers on President Trump
00:01:30
a proposed wall along the US
Mexico border Trump has called for
00:01:35
a five billion dollar downpayment for the
twenty billion dollars Wall but his plan
00:01:40
is adamantly opposed by Democrats and
even some Republicans leaving its fate in
00:01:44
doubt Democrats have offered
00:01:46
a maximum of one point six billion
for enhanced border security but not
00:01:51
specifically for the war lawmakers are
waiting for word from the White House on how
00:01:56
it wants to end the impasse. You can find
more on these and other late breaking and
00:02:02
developing stories from around the
world around the clock at V.O.A.
00:02:07
Knew dot com and on the V.O.A.
00:02:10
News mobile app on Christopher Cruz V.O.A.
00:02:15
New. Created three
00:02:21
action if. You know like that little bit
more trouble on the digital want to happen
00:02:27
. North Korea voices opposition
to new sanctions It's
00:02:34
Tuesday December eighteenth this is V.O.A.
00:02:36
Asia Hello and welcome I'm Jim Stevenson
in Washington you'll find us on Facebook
00:02:42
at V.O.A.
00:02:42
Asia Also ahead me and more women are being
trafficked to China Australia sharpens
00:02:48
its Middle East policy south front is
suffering in Kashmir cats learning from
00:02:53
people holidays at the White House
it's all of today's be away Asia.
00:03:03
North Korea has turned up the rhetoric
heat criticizing the latest U.S.
00:03:08
Sanctions targeting three North Koreans
for rights abuses the Foreign Ministry
00:03:13
expressed it shock and indignation and
accused the United States of being bent on
00:03:18
bringing relations back to the status of
last year which was marked by exchanges of
00:03:23
fire it warned further such sanctions would
block the path to denuclearization on
00:03:28
the Korean Peninsula forever Washington
last week announced that three North Korean
00:03:33
officials including
00:03:34
a close aide to North Korean leader Kim
Jong were being sanctioned over rights
00:03:38
abuses and censorship sanctions
involve asset freezes covered by U.S.
00:03:44
Jurisdiction and
00:03:45
a ban on transactions with the Americans
Harry cuz the honest director of Defense
00:03:50
Studies at the Center for the national
interest tells Vo ways Victor BEATTIE The
00:03:54
prospect of another U.S.
00:03:56
North Korean summit appears uncertain for
the time being. In the one hand you have
00:04:01
North Korea making sort of veiled threats
once again which is one of the reasons
00:04:05
the troubled ministration got very upset
with North Korea there is actually one of
00:04:08
the reason they cancel that the truck can
stop it before we eventually had that
00:04:13
Singapore so I think the North Korean to
be very careful here but the same time you
00:04:17
have other situations that actually make
me feel that things are going really well
00:04:22
we've had
00:04:22
a number of South Korean North Korean
initiatives you know taking apart mines whole
00:04:28
sections of minefields working to demilitarize
the actual the militarized zone so
00:04:34
there has been some good into Korean
progress at the same time Kim your group did
00:04:39
not make his his visit to Seoul which he
was supposed to do really in the last two
00:04:44
weeks so reading the tea leaves the North
Korea right now is very very hard there's
00:04:49
a lot of good in
00:04:50
a lot of doubt and usually at the end of
the day that usually doesn't bode well on
00:04:54
Friday President from decanted he's in no
hurry for the did nuclearization of North
00:04:59
Korea that sounds like President Obama
strategic patience policy and it's funny
00:05:04
because that was one of the things that
Donald Trump was very angry at it did not
00:05:08
like that policy but it almost feels like
very very soon surely and very slowly
00:05:13
we're almost moving back to that same
posture of North Korea the United States
00:05:17
doesn't seem like it tonight and offer
00:05:20
a lot of concessions to Pyongyang at the
same time Pyongyang to them so I can write
00:05:24
off about
00:05:24
a confession to Washington and it almost
feels like we're going back to where we
00:05:28
were back in you know two thousand and
eleven two thousand and twelve where no
00:05:32
sides were talking but at the same time
the North Korean nuclear threat keeps
00:05:35
getting worse and worse they're able to
build more missiles more declare war and
00:05:40
not that itself is concerning there's been
much talk about a possible second U.S.
00:05:45
North Korea summit but the two sides have
yet to even to reschedule working level
00:05:49
talks yet it concerning I mean it
is reaction appear. Like that looks
00:05:54
a little more troublesome and as if it won't
happen I think the real point for had
00:05:59
. If someone is there we
need to be some sort of
00:06:02
a leap forward both sides would have to
be willing to get something at the end of
00:06:06
the third into current summit with President
known and can join their church they
00:06:11
can join had offered essential either
inspections of the or the closing of the
00:06:16
young nuclear facility in exchange for what
he called course corresponding measures
00:06:21
now
00:06:22
a lot of people at the time so we're saying
that that was either sanctions relief
00:06:26
or some sort of end of war declaration I
think that could be that the thing that
00:06:31
Kim Jong un and Donald Trump get together
ought to have the summit but the most
00:06:36
important thing at all here is we cannot
expect this to be fixed in days months
00:06:41
even years five have to build trust in
order to make bigger concessions so it's
00:06:48
a little disingenuous to have these big
summit and how these good leader to leader
00:06:52
talks when the working level folks aren't
getting together because that those
00:06:56
working level discussions that you're
going to actually have the agreements the
00:07:01
South Korean news agency
Yonhap reports the U.S.
00:07:04
Special representative on North Korea
policy Stephen begun will visit Seoul this
00:07:09
week to find ways to salvage the denuclearization
process no meaningful discussions
00:07:14
have taken place since U.S.
00:07:16
Secretary of State Mike Pompei
of visited young October seventh
00:07:21
a meeting between POMPEI O and his North
Korean counterpart Kim Young children New
00:07:25
York on November eighth was postponed.
00:07:33
These are among some of the top Asia stories
that you'll find right now when you
00:07:37
visit V.O.A.
00:07:38
News dot com Malaysia charges Goldman
Sachs two employees and one M.T.V.
00:07:44
Pro. Chinese get chances to invest in
Vietnam despite political rifts the U.S.
00:07:51
And China trade barbs at W T O amid calls
for reform. Other was Ambassador meets
00:07:57
with second Canadian citizen arrested
in China Nissan board meets no chairman
00:08:03
picked expanded coverage of these stories
add more can be found on Facebook at
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V.O.A. Asia you'll also find
quite a bit on the V.O.A.
00:08:12
News dot com website.
00:08:28
View Asia continues I'm Jim Stevenson in
Washington thousands of women and girls
00:08:34
are being trafficked from Myanmar to China
and forced to marry and bear children
00:08:39
that's the finding of research led by the
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public
00:08:43
Health and the cuts in women's association
of Thailand the always Asia's Ira
00:08:48
Mehlman spoke via Skype with Cortland
Robinson associate professor at the Bloomberg
00:08:53
School and the report's lead author Dr
Robinson was asked if the report held many
00:08:59
surprises I think we were
surprised at the proportion
00:09:06
but roughly forty percent of those we
interviewed on had dead buried to the Chinese
00:09:11
there were currently or formerly buried
with the last five years. Experienced.
00:09:18
Forced marriage and
00:09:19
a smaller percentage about twenty three
percent I believe experience trafficking it
00:09:23
to forced marriage which in fault some
kind of deceit. In the context of. The
00:09:30
recruited to do affair transported or harbor
in the context of moving into China or
00:09:37
being deceived into. Berridge
that they didn't know the full
00:09:44
gender debenture I would also add that
we found whether in forced marriage more
00:09:50
thought but more particularly in
00:09:52
a context of forced marriage quite high
rates of intimate partner violence
00:09:58
controlling behavior physical.
And sexual violence and
00:10:05
psychological abuse so all
of these tell a story of
00:10:11
a frill. Vulnerability do you
have numbers to tell us how
00:10:18
major
00:10:19
a problem misses them subside from each
individual situation we have estimated that
00:10:24
there are approximately ten thousand or
so we have been in China currently living
00:10:30
just within the. Area province
who by our estimations are.
00:10:38
Either now or have big within the
last five years. A victim of forced
00:10:44
marriage. And over the last five years
about seventy five hundred or so women.
00:10:52
Have returned from China.
State or state who have.
00:11:00
Experienced forced marriage sometime
in the last five years and returned
00:11:06
a subset of that experience for childbearing
So about eighty percent with it in
00:11:11
a forced marriage have had
00:11:13
a child so that was clear drivers of
the arrangement that people. In China
00:11:20
particularly men who are not if you will
competitive in marriage market maybe.
00:11:27
Lower education lorry income
maybe older maybe have other
00:11:34
issues. Simply are not
available to. Obtain
00:11:41
abroad. In the ordinary context
of going out and being seen
00:11:48
as
00:11:48
a good thing because of the. Quite significant
male female sex ratio of ballots about
00:11:56
twenty males for one hundred
females on. Average across
00:12:01
a survey at the national level what about
China's one child policy how did this
00:12:07
contribute to discipline did give. Strong
what is called an democratic circle
00:12:14
sudden preference that is to say.
If you're going to have one child
00:12:18
a strong preference that that child be
00:12:20
a boy so you end up with or boys and girls
being married now the one child policy
00:12:27
has been sort of fully did declared null
and void and that may change the dynamics
00:12:32
over time and there is some evidence
suggest that's already happening but it's
00:12:37
certainly too late for
00:12:38
a lot of older males who don't have
the means by which to. Negotiate
00:12:46
a broad hits you have this market
for. Foreign broads ethnic minorities
00:12:52
people coming into documents all of whom
or. Much more exploitable into these
00:12:59
kinds of conditions of force and that
often abuse. The report makes several
00:13:06
recommendations to reduce forced marriages
in the region among them the government
00:13:11
of Myanmar should institute policies to
protect me and Mar residence and would be
00:13:15
migrants through the issuance of personal
identification documents that would
00:13:20
provide them with proof of citizenship and
nationality and enable them to obtain
00:13:25
travel passes and work authorization in
China and that the Chinese government
00:13:30
should allow women girls men and boys
fleeing the conflict in Myanmar to access
00:13:35
safe refuge and humanitarian aid in China
thereby reducing their vulnerability and
00:13:41
being exploited and trafficked. Happening
00:13:48
now in Asia the wives of four China's most
prominent rights lawyers and activists
00:13:52
shaved their heads Monday in protest over
what they called the persecution of their
00:13:56
husbands by the government find the latest
developments for the story and more
00:14:00
online by watching video weigh
sixty stay up to date with V.O.A.
00:14:05
You're listening to V.O.A.
00:14:06
Asia.
00:14:14
We're glad as always to
have you with us on V.O.A.
00:14:16
Asia Australia will recognise Western
Roussillon as the capital of Israel but will
00:14:22
not immediately move its embassy from Tel
Aviv Prime Minister Scott Morrison will
00:14:27
also acknowledge the aspirations
of Palestinians for
00:14:30
a future state with its capital in East
Jerusalem we hear more from Phil Mercer in
00:14:35
Sydney Australia says it won't be moving
its embassy in Israel to Jerusalem but
00:14:41
could do so in the future if the city's
status is finalized under repeat
00:14:45
settlements you know Prime Minister Scott
Morrison said he found documents in favor
00:14:51
of moving Australia's diplomatic presence
from Tel Aviv to be persuasive he denied
00:14:57
his comments were an attempt
to influence Jewish voters in
00:15:00
a crucial byelection in Sydney there was
support from the Israeli government but
00:15:06
Palestinian leaders said Australia
risks becoming an international pariah
00:15:11
a major trade deal between Australia and
neighboring Indonesia which has the
00:15:15
world's largest Muslim population is also
being jeopardized because of speculation
00:15:21
Kember could move its embassy to Jerusalem
the decision not to relocate the
00:15:26
Australian Embassy should ease some of that
diplomatic pressure according to Daniel
00:15:31
Fenton managing editor of the
Lowy Institute Sinterklaas
00:15:35
a magazine produced by the Sydney based
think tank that really depends on the
00:15:40
reaction of the rest of the world
as to whether or not. Government
00:15:47
different betraying when you're not
00:15:50
a Mike. And the rest of the
world reacts because you know.
00:15:57
When it's trial you might
decision and there is
00:16:00
a risk that some countries might choose to
try and Mike try your neighbors and try
00:16:06
and punish
00:16:07
a strike consequent last December President
Donald Trump overturned decades of U.S.
00:16:13
Neutrality when he recognized the divided
city as Israel's capital prompting
00:16:18
widespread condemnation it led to the
Palestinian Authority cutting off dialogue
00:16:24
with Washington at the time the trumpet
ministration said it was strongly committed
00:16:29
to achieving
00:16:30
a last thing and comprehensive peace in
the region the American Embassy was moved
00:16:35
from Tel Aviv in May film a set of V.O.A.
00:16:39
News Sydney Coming up a spice that
needs water you're listening to V.O.A.
00:16:45
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00:16:53
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a news desk currently. On
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00:17:19
news from V.O.A.
00:17:20
Asia Malaysia has filed criminal charges
against Goldman Sachs and two former
00:17:25
executives for their role in the alleged
multi-billion dollar defrauding of state
00:17:30
investment fund one and D B relation
officials were allegedly bribed into picking
00:17:35
the bank to underwrite six point five
billion dollars in funds Goldman Sachs
00:17:39
received six hundred million and
see no fee needed to visit V.O.A.
00:17:43
Asia Facebook as the way Asia continues
saffron is one of the world's most
00:17:50
expensive spices it roughly costs four
thousand dollars for one kilogram in India
00:17:56
and it's mainly cultivated in Kashmir Kashmir
is considered one of the three prime
00:18:01
locations for saffron farming due to its
terrain soil quality and weather however
00:18:08
due to unpredictable changes in climate in
the last couple years saffron production
00:18:13
in the Kashmir valley has been in decline
the always Zubair Dar and use of Jimmy
00:18:18
will have more on this as beige on Home
Guard narrates their report. The long and
00:18:23
so from filaments are the three deep red
threads of the saffron flower these are
00:18:29
carefully picked from the flower by hand
each kilogram of saffron is derived from
00:18:34
about one hundred fifty thousand such
flowers here saffron sells at high rates in
00:18:39
Kashmir but saffron production has declined
in the last three years due to severe
00:18:44
change in temperature that middleman there
must be at least three rainfalls in
00:18:50
a year for good saffron yields this year
we didn't receive even five percent of the
00:18:55
rain we normally get the biggest problem
is lack of irrigation the saffron flowers
00:19:00
bloom was an October through November and
must get plenty of water before that
00:19:05
located on the outskirts of the capital
city Nagar pump or is the valleys south
00:19:10
from the street nearly ninety percent
of the cultivation of the exotic purple
00:19:15
flower takes place here it is said that
saffron has been growing in the fields of
00:19:20
Palm for close to two thousand five hundred
years traditionally pumper would host
00:19:24
a harvest festival after
00:19:26
a successful crops like something
the area has not seen in
00:19:30
a few years and they're
already in the event of
00:19:34
a good crop the festival will be held
here everyone would be celebrating and be
00:19:39
happy but the cell phone cultivation has
suffered enormously during the past two to
00:19:45
three years you can see beggars take more
flowers than I could pluck. As if that
00:19:51
was not enough for the local farmers are
saffron is now facing fierce competition
00:19:57
in the Indian markets they've been
growing well ever since the saffron from
00:20:01
overseas reached even markets the Kashmiri
progress has lost its demand on ranchers
00:20:07
. First star of the saffron research
station believes weather is not the only
00:20:14
reason why local saffron
farmers are seeing
00:20:17
a decline in demand if you will fish
they look inside. The. Main reason is
00:20:23
inefficient marketing the farmers are not
getting the price they should get for
00:20:26
their protests the rainfall and
urbanization of the area would have created
00:20:32
a problem just experts say that approximately
one hundred twenty to one hundred
00:20:36
sixty kilograms of Saffron was being
produced per hectare of land in two thousand
00:20:41
and five compared with just twelve kilograms
last year this year the production may
00:20:46
come down even more. Freezer bags are in
use of Jeremy Lin sitting under this is
00:20:53
based on him the feelings. This news from
00:21:00
V.O.A.
00:21:00
Asia the Chinese Foreign Ministry said Beijing
would guarantee the rights of Canadian
00:21:04
detainees are protected after Canadian
diplomats gained consular access to the
00:21:09
second of two men detained by China in
the past week the detentions are seen as
00:21:14
retaliation for Canada's detention of
00:21:16
a while away executive all the big stories
come your way through the day on the
00:21:20
away age of Facebook this is
the way Asia. Now and V.O.A.
00:21:26
Asia anyone who has cats knows they're
smart but anyone who knows cats knows they
00:21:32
can also seem
00:21:33
a bit aloof at least until dinner time but
don't let them for you it turns out your
00:21:38
cat is watching you closely and via ways
Kevin Enoch's reports they are taking
00:21:43
behavioral cues from the humans. We all
know about the ancient and special
00:21:50
bond between dogs and humans are canine
friends can read our tone of voice and our
00:21:55
expression when they look into our eyes
for clues that help our two species get
00:21:59
along so well. Well move over rover because
it turns out your house cat far from
00:22:05
being the aloof master of the House can
do the same thing you know the phone did
00:22:11
that cats on Betty Gould in following
the human gazing seen us in
00:22:17
experiments researchers put two exactly
alike bowls of food on the floor but only
00:22:23
looked at one and guess which one the cat
went to whether it be the way sustain the
00:22:29
gaze of any Don't take off or eyes from
the dog at what we do when moment Tony
00:22:36
gaze a man and he just
look sharply on the top
00:22:39
a gap and then turn back to the cats all
independently of the difficulty of the
00:22:44
level of difficulty of this case he gets
00:22:47
a very good in following the question these
researchers are asking now is it just
00:22:53
cats and dogs who have learned to do this
because they have lived with us for so
00:22:57
long or is it something that animals
just do gets Lerton spontaneously
00:23:04
that back humans look at it
can be important and this is
00:23:08
a very interesting thing because then you
could ask that OK if it is not in need
00:23:15
but the cats live meet. Any other in any
manner and this is the only test on this
00:23:21
done so far but the results were clear
that I could little Again I must be
00:23:27
established whether the given cat performed
better than picking randomly so our
00:23:31
results show that their success rate was
seventy percent overall to get Researchers
00:23:36
say one of the reasons it has taken so long
to learn about this behavior is because
00:23:40
cats are notoriously hard to
study at given Enoch's vu
00:23:45
a new. Since President John Adams and first
lady Abigail Adams Christmas party at
00:23:51
the White House in December one thousand
nine hundred were entered time in the U.S.
00:23:55
President's residence has been filled with
various holiday festivities your ways
00:24:00
Patsy would go swap. Tells us
this year first lady Maloney
00:24:03
a Trump has ducked the White House halls
in the spirit of the patriotic FIM
00:24:07
American treasures. It's
00:24:14
that time of the year at six hundred
Pennsylvania Avenue. For my new term second
00:24:20
Christmas here she follows the tradition
of first ladies decking the White House it
00:24:25
was Jacqueline Kennedy who started this
tradition of having an annual blue ribbon
00:24:29
Christmas tree and that she would pick out
00:24:31
a specific FIM to base the decoration of
that tree but also the decorations for the
00:24:36
rest of the House and really since one
thousand nine hundred sixty one that's been
00:24:40
fairly consistent and the
first lady has always taken
00:24:43
a very prominent role in decorating the
house this year Trump chose the patriotic
00:24:49
theme American treasures and featured
ornaments that highlight her be best anti
00:24:53
bullying campaign but it was her crimson
trees that turned heads and drew mockery
00:24:59
on line we are in twenty first
century and everybody has
00:25:02
a different taste I think they
look fantastic but I agree
00:25:09
to why it's not the first time Christmas
trees between the center of attention
00:25:15
Merry Christmas Day as well as the morning
in the early nineteen points President
00:25:20
Theodore Roosevelt did not celebrate with
the tree but his son Archie had one in
00:25:24
the closet that sort of became one of
these great stories that emerged from the
00:25:28
White House that you know the press had
been waiting they wanted to know are there
00:25:31
Roosevelt's getting the tree are they getting
the tree at Archie sort of creates it
00:25:35
for them. In the minute Tom did not start
the red tray and cranberry trees have
00:25:42
been displayed in the White House since the
one nine hundred seventy five and have
00:25:45
become
00:25:45
a consistent teacher since the Reagan
administration Nancy Reagan has always been
00:25:51
a fan of Red her her first
lady portrait she's wearing
00:25:53
a red dress her state China is in red so
it makes sense that she would be such
00:25:59
a strong supporter of that tradition. The
White House and of the Year festivities
00:26:06
are rich and tradition that centers around
the Christmas tree from Jackie Kennedy's
00:26:11
The Nutcracker Suite Hillary Clinton
sentence which two millenia tops American
00:26:17
treasures each first lady has celebrated
the holiday spirit in her own way.
00:26:25
You know news at the White House.
You've been listening to V.O.A.
00:26:30
Asia find us online at Feel way Asia
face book at our website V.O.A.
00:26:35
News dot com You'll also find us on the
radio like Falcon radio and Adab Singh
00:26:40
university in the Philippines thanks to
everyone there who tuned in to our program
00:26:44
today our thanks as well go out to
director Tracey Carter engineer I did the
00:26:50
managing editor Diane gal and our V.O.A.
00:26:53
Asia team that Schuyler Ah good Ira Mehlman
Doug Bernard keep playing ad and cook
00:26:59
I'm Jim Stevenson we're all in
Washington we hope you have
00:27:02
a terrific day ahead. With
00:27:13
the. Welcome
00:27:20
to learning English
00:27:22
a daily thirty minute program from the Voice
of America I'm Jonathan Evans its And
00:27:28
I'm Ashley THOMPSON This program is
aimed at English learners so we speak
00:27:35
a little slower and we use words and phrases
especially written for people learning
00:27:41
English. Today on the program you
00:27:48
will hear from Kelly Gene Kelly and Katie
Weaver later Steve Amber who will present
00:27:54
our American history series The Making of
00:27:57
a nation but first here is Kelly
Gene Kelly. Many news stories
00:28:03
about the United States government tell
about Congress and American lawmakers
00:28:11
the US Congress is the nation's
legislature it is made of two parts the
00:28:17
Senate and the House of Representatives the
House of Representatives is called the
00:28:24
house for short and sometimes
it is called the people's house
00:28:31
that term was chosen as a nickname
because the men who wrote the U.S.
00:28:37
Constitution in seventeen eighty seven
set few restrictions on who could serve
00:28:43
there they wanted the house to be as
close as possible to everyday Americans
00:28:51
one of the writers of the Constitution
James Madison wrote about the house years
00:28:57
later he noted the door of this part
of the federal government is open to
00:29:04
merit of every description whether
native or adoptive whether young or old
00:29:11
and without regard to poverty or wealth
or to any particular profession of
00:29:17
religious faith in other words House
members can be born in the United States
00:29:24
or in any other country they can be
as young as twenty five years old or
00:29:31
as some members have been into their ninety's
they do not have to be rich and they
00:29:38
do not have to belong to any
religion however in reality for many
00:29:44
years only free white men were
permitted to serve as lawmakers women
00:29:51
and other groups had
00:29:53
a limited legal rights to say
the least. However as laws
00:30:00
changed over time members of the
House also changed the website
00:30:07
of the U.S.
00:30:08
House of Representatives notes the House's
first African-American member was
00:30:14
elected in eight hundred seventy the first
Hispanic member took office in eight
00:30:20
hundred seventy seven the first woman
member in one nine hundred seventeen the
00:30:27
first Asian American member in one thousand
nine hundred fifty seven and the first
00:30:33
African American woman member
in nineteen sixty nine the
00:30:39
country's constitution writers also
made the terms for House members short
00:30:46
compared to the president and senators
only two years one reason is so
00:30:53
House members would have to stay in close
contact with the people who live in the
00:30:59
area they represent otherwise
voters would soon have
00:31:04
a chance to push them out of office one
of the other central ideas about the
00:31:11
House of Representatives is that known
as proportional representation the
00:31:17
idea was that each member of the house
would represent thirty thousand U.S.
00:31:24
Citizens that situation would enable
states with large populations
00:31:31
to send more lawmakers to Congress but the
constitution writers of seven hundred
00:31:37
eighty seven struggled with how to count
00:31:41
a state's population. At that time more
than six hundred fifty thousand and
00:31:47
slaved people lived in the country after
much debate the constitution writers
00:31:54
decided the enslaved population would
be only partly counted for legal and
00:32:01
tax purposes. The decision is known
as the three fifths compromise
00:32:09
the first US House of Representatives
had sixty seven members as the
00:32:15
country's population grew the number of
House members increased from one hundred
00:32:22
five to one hundred forty two
and so on after the approval of
00:32:29
constitutional amendments following the
Civil War Most formerly enslaved people
00:32:35
were fully counted in the state's
population the house continued to grow into
00:32:42
the twentieth century finally in one
thousand twenty nine lawmakers officially
00:32:49
limited the total number of House members
to four hundred thirty five today each
00:32:56
member of the house represents about seven
hundred thousand people members of the
00:33:02
house along with the senators
develop national laws they also
00:33:09
help voters who live in their districts
deal with problems related to the
00:33:14
government and members of the House have
other important jobs they can investigate
00:33:21
people with government ties who are suspected
of wrongdoing for example members of
00:33:27
the House have looked into cases of
bribery corruption and abuses of power.
00:33:35
In the one nine hundred fifty S.
00:33:37
The House Un-American Activities Committee
demanded information from private
00:33:43
citizens suspected of Communist
activity but critics said the
00:33:49
committee had gone too far in time
the Supreme Court limited Congress's
00:33:56
power to investigate issues related to the
law instead of people's private beliefs
00:34:03
. Over its history the House has brought
impeachment charges against government
00:34:09
officials including presidents
more than sixty times. But only
00:34:16
a few officials were removed from office
of those Some were federal judges
00:34:22
accused of being drunk at court
members of Congress also have
00:34:29
what some call the power of the purse
in other words they control how the
00:34:35
government spends public money that House
of Representatives website explains that
00:34:42
the constitution writers wanted to put
spending decisions in the hands of the
00:34:48
people's representatives in Congress
Similarly the constitution writers did not
00:34:54
want the chief executive to decide alone
whether to take the country to war they
00:35:00
wanted to make war difficult to enter
they also wanted to prevent the president
00:35:08
from going to war because of political
or personal interests so they wrote
00:35:14
that the Congress had the power to
declare war. But in truth lawmakers
00:35:21
have only officially declared war eleven
times the last time was in one nine
00:35:28
hundred forty two since then Congress
has simply approved the use of military
00:35:35
force. I'm Kelly Gene Kelly.
00:35:52
Every day around fifty tons
of food waste arrives at
00:35:57
a factory outside of China that
is equal to the weight of seven
00:36:03
adult elephants once it arrives the
food waste goes through pipes and
00:36:10
into individual cells made of
wood there about one billion
00:36:17
cockroaches wait to feed people
usually see these insects as
00:36:23
dirty pests but in China they are
seen for their environmental and
00:36:30
economic value ever growing
Chinese cities like G nine
00:36:37
are creating more food waste than
they have room for in landfills
00:36:43
cockroaches are not only able to get rid
of food waste but they can become healthy
00:36:49
food for farm animals the in sacks
remains are even dead to offer cures for
00:36:56
stomach problems and other
health issues and humans.
00:37:03
As president of Shandong insect
Industry Association. Calls
00:37:10
cockroaches biotechnological pathway for
turning kitchen waste into something
00:37:16
useful. The food waste arrives at the G.
00:37:20
Nine factory before the sun
rises Chandon being an
00:37:26
agricultural technology company
operates the factory it has plans
00:37:33
to open three more next year and hopes
to process one third of the food
00:37:40
waste produced by G nuns
seven million people
00:37:45
a recent spread of African swine fever
led China to ban the use of food
00:37:52
waste as food for pigs but
cockroaches that eat the food waste
00:37:59
can become
00:38:00
a protein rich source of food for
pigs and other farm animals Chandon
00:38:08
bean chairwoman Lee Hong ye describes
the process as turning trash
00:38:15
into resources thousands
of kilometers away in
00:38:22
a small village in Sichuan
Province leaping has similar ideas
00:38:29
Lee who is forty seven used to
sell mobile phones he has invested
00:38:36
one million UN about one hundred
forty three thousand dollars in
00:38:42
cockroaches he sells them to pig
farms and Fisheries He also sells
00:38:49
them to drug companies which use the
insects in medicine and sometimes the
00:38:56
cockroaches provide
00:38:57
a tasty treat for his family Lee's
farm now has three point four
00:39:04
million cockroaches people think it's strange
that I do this kind of business lease
00:39:11
said it has great economic value and
my goal is to lead other villagers to
00:39:17
prosperity if they follow my lead.
His village currently has two farms
00:39:24
but Lee's goal is to create
twenty in the Sichuan city she
00:39:31
tongue
00:39:32
a company called good doctor has
about six billion cockroaches it
00:39:39
claims it is the biggest cockroach
farm in the world and uses artificial
00:39:46
intelligence or
00:39:47
a I to both control and
grow its Roach population
00:39:54
cockroaches live for about
six months once they die the
00:40:01
insects are treated with steam
next they are washed and dried
00:40:08
then the clean remains are sent to
00:40:12
a huge nutrient removal container
the extracts are then used in
00:40:18
medicines that good doctor produces
when Jan Gore oversees the
00:40:25
good Dr cockroach center and says
that cockroach extracts can be used
00:40:32
for treating ulcers skin
wounds and even stomach cancer
00:40:39
the South China Morning Post recently
reported that about forty million people in
00:40:45
China use good doctors cockroach extract
to treat stomach problems and other
00:40:52
sicknesses The company sells to four
thousand hospitals around the country. The
00:40:59
cockroaches at good doctor never leave
the controlled warm dark area that
00:41:06
when overseas but could the farm's
six billion in sex ever escape
00:41:13
when admits a mass a scape would make for
00:41:17
a good disaster movie but he has taken
steps to prevent that from ever happening
00:41:24
we have
00:41:24
a moat filled with water and fish when
said if the cockroaches escape they
00:41:31
will fall into the moat and
the fish will eat them all.
00:41:47
From V.O.A.
00:41:49
Learning English Welcome to the making of
00:41:52
a nation our weekly program
of American history for
00:41:56
a people learning English I'm Stephen
Breyer we've been discussing the president
00:42:02
say you have Thomas Jefferson he was
America's third president elected in one
00:42:09
thousand nine hundred. In our last
00:42:15
program we talked about the dispute between
Jefferson and the chief justice of the
00:42:21
United States Jefferson believed the
Constitution gave Congress the right
00:42:28
to decide the country's laws but Chief
Justice John Marshall believed the Supreme
00:42:35
Court added the final say the two
men's believes where tested in
00:42:41
a case called Marbury vs Madison
John Marshall's arguments one
00:42:48
he wrote
00:42:48
a decision saying the Supreme Court had
the power to rule on the laws that
00:42:55
Congress passed. The Supreme Court
did not act on that power during
00:43:01
Jefferson's administration but John
Marshall's decision did help establish the
00:43:08
role of the Supreme Court in the
American government the Marbury vs
00:43:15
Madison case is one of the important
legacies of Jefferson's presidency
00:43:22
but historian Joseph Ellis says it was
not the only one the major achievement
00:43:29
of Jefferson's presidency is the
Louisiana Purchase which is
00:43:33
a lot of luck as well as his willingness
to take advantage of the walk.
00:43:41
The story of the Louisiana Purchase
begins with France and Spain but two
00:43:47
European countries wanted to limit
the power of the United States so
00:43:54
in eighteen hundred Spain
and France entered into
00:43:59
a secret treaty in the treaty
Spain gave France control of
00:44:05
a large area in North America
called the Louisiana territory. The
00:44:12
Louisiana territory stretched north to
south from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada
00:44:20
and it stretched east to west from the
Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains the
00:44:27
area was important not only for its large
size it also included some value of all
00:44:33
navigation features including where the
Mississippi River opened into the Gulf of
00:44:40
Mexico the Polian Bonaparte ruled
friend said that time Jefferson did not
00:44:47
want the Bolian in North America
he felt the French presence was
00:44:52
a threat to the peace of the United
States. He decided to try to buy
00:44:59
parts of the Louisiana territory as specially
around the mouth of the Mississippi
00:45:05
River near the city of New Orleans
Jefferson sent James Monroe to Paris
00:45:12
as
00:45:12
a special negotiator but Monroe never had
the chance to offer the American position
00:45:20
now Polian had decided to sell everything
to be Americans he told his finance
00:45:27
minister to give up Louisiana all
of it Napoleon needed money for
00:45:33
a war with Britain James Monroe was happy
to negotiate the purchase of Louisiana
00:45:41
they agreed on the price of eighty million
francs for all the land drained by the
00:45:47
great Mississippi River
and all its many streams.
00:45:59
The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the
size of the United States at that time it
00:46:06
included the present day states
Arkansas Oklahoma Missouri
00:46:12
Kansas Iowa and Nebraska it
stretched into parts of Minnesota
00:46:19
South Dakota North Dakota
Montana Wyoming Colorado New
00:46:26
Mexico Texas and Louisiana
the Louisiana Purchase also
00:46:33
opened the Mississippi River to American
commerce and travel. Historian Andrew
00:46:40
O'Shaughnessy says that as
00:46:42
a result of this access the Louisiana
Purchase fueled the country's economic
00:46:48
expansion in the nineteenth century and
Mr O'Shaughnessy says the Louisiana
00:46:55
Purchase created more opportunities
for Americans to own land it was very
00:47:02
important to Jefferson because he
really wanted to every three men
00:47:09
thought he to be able to have land
regarded land. In many ways essential to
00:47:16
independence and their ability the will to
participate in the Republican government
00:47:23
but both Mr O'Shaughnessy and historian
Joseph Ellis say the Louisiana Purchase
00:47:29
went against Jefferson's believes
about central government Joseph
00:47:36
Ellis says that in many ways Jefferson's
presidency aimed to make the
00:47:42
federal government almost invisible and
to limit the president's power and
00:47:50
we have purchased the most authoritative
executive action in American presidential
00:47:54
history one president decides to buy the
Midwest and and he does it you know
00:48:01
laterally historians say of the Louisiana
Purchase is one example love Jefferson's
00:48:07
contradictory character in which he
says one thing but does another.
00:48:14
Andrew O'Shaughnessy and's that Jefferson
made trade offs when he bought Louisiana
00:48:22
Jefferson used presidential power in
00:48:25
a way that was not specifically
permitted by the Constitution. But Mr
00:48:32
O'Shaughnessy says Jefferson was also looking
to the higher good in the case of the
00:48:38
Louisiana Purchase the good of improving
the country's political health
00:48:46
federalists in the early eighteen hundreds
also questioned Jefferson's decision to
00:48:52
buy Louisiana they feared it would
weaken the power of the states of the
00:48:58
Northeast federalist leaders
made a plan to form
00:49:03
a new government of those states but to
succeed they needed the state of New
00:49:10
York their plan for
00:49:13
a new government led to another
memorable episode in American history
00:49:20
Aaron Burr was vice president during
Thomas Jefferson's first term
00:49:27
Berbick ame
00:49:27
a candidate for New York governor the
Federalist believed Burr would win the
00:49:34
election become governor and
support their plan but federalist
00:49:40
leader Alexander Hamilton did not
trust Berger but two had been enemies
00:49:47
for
00:49:48
a long time. AMOLED and made some strong
statements against Byrd during the election
00:49:55
campaign in New York
like the comments later
00:49:59
a beard in several newspapers Berger
lost the New York election the
00:50:06
Federalist plan for
00:50:08
a new government of Northeaster your young
kids story and Valerie Paley's says
00:50:13
Berger heard about Hamilton's strong
comments he was offended on a fling like
00:50:20
a couple it would hinged on
00:50:21
a word one word and were just simple
as. Bird asked Hamilton to admit or
00:50:28
deny the comments adult and refused
the two men exchanged more
00:50:35
notes Burr was not satisfied with
Hamilton's answers he believed
00:50:42
Hamilton had attacked his
honor Byrd demanded a do with
00:50:48
a duel is
00:50:49
a fight usually with guns Valerie
Perry says in those days gentlemen
00:50:56
often used duels to settle rivalries
and defend their honor so it wasn't so
00:51:03
much. To kill me we purposely Mr shot
and then everything will air would be
00:51:10
cleared Hamilton opposed duels yet
he agreed to fight bird on July
00:51:17
eleventh eighteen zero for the two men
met at we hawk in New Jersey just
00:51:23
across the Hudson River from New York City
the dual would take place by the water's
00:51:30
edge at the bottom of
00:51:32
a high rock wall. The guns were
loaded Bert and Hamilton took their
00:51:39
places one of Hamilton's friends
explain the rules are you ready
00:51:45
gentlemen he asked both
answered yes there was
00:51:50
a moment of silence he gave the
signal Bert and Hamilton raise their
00:51:56
guns. Two shots split the
air. Hamilton raised
00:52:03
up on his toes then fell to the
ground bird remained standing.
00:52:10
In looked at Hamilton with regret
then left Hamilton died the next day
00:52:17
it was not get fifty Valerie Paley's
says Hamilton's story is almost
00:52:24
like a television or newspaper
00:52:27
a drama he was extremely
attractive and he had such
00:52:31
a tick story. The immigrant boy from
the West Indies you know made good
00:52:38
come to New York goes. Becomes
00:52:43
a sort of self-taught aide to camp to
Washington all sorts of extraordinary things
00:52:49
Mary so well and also has
what modern America might
00:52:55
become and in many ways to implement
that early and early at that before he.
00:53:03
Hamilton had made a big impact on
the United States he had created
00:53:08
a national bank and influenced
many government policies
00:53:15
newspapers throughout the nation reported
his death most people accepted the news
00:53:22
calmly to them it was simply
the sad in to an old private
00:53:28
dispute.
00:53:37
In the months after Hamilton's death the
nation prepared for the next presidential
00:53:43
election. Once again the Republican
Party chose Thomas Jefferson as its
00:53:49
candidate for president but the Republicans
refused to support Aaron Burr for
00:53:56
vice president again instead they
chose George Clinton. Clinton had
00:54:03
served as governor of New York seven
times. The Federalist Party chose
00:54:10
Charles COATSWORTH think me of South
Carolina as its candidate for president
00:54:17
it chose Rufus King of New York to be
its vice presidential candidate. The
00:54:24
campaign was quiet in those days
candidates did not make many speeches
00:54:30
Republican templates told of the progress
made during the past four years the
00:54:37
former federalist administration
raised taxes they said Jefferson ended
00:54:44
many of the taxes the Federalists
borrowed millions of dollars Jefferson
00:54:51
Barr old nun and Jefferson got the
Louisiana territory without going to
00:54:57
war the Federalists could not dispute
these facts they expected that Jefferson
00:55:04
would be reelected but they were sure their
candidate would get as many as forty
00:55:10
eight electoral votes the results
shocked the Federalists Jefferson
00:55:17
received one hundred sixty two
electoral votes thank me deceived just
00:55:24
fourteen one man tried to explain the
meaning of Jefferson's great victory
00:55:31
he was John Quincy Adams son of
former President John Adams President
00:55:38
Adams had been
00:55:39
a firm federalist this is
what he's said. The power of
00:55:46
Jefferson's administration rests on
00:55:48
a strong majority of the American
people the president has great popular
00:55:55
support his reelection shows that
the experiment of the Federalists
00:56:02
as they are it never can and never
will be brought to life again
00:56:10
to try to bring it back would be foolish
it would be like trying to put life into
00:56:16
a body that has been buried for years
after the election of eighteen zero four
00:56:23
only seven Federalists remained in the
United States Senate only twenty five
00:56:30
remained in the House of Representatives
Thomas Jefferson would be president for
00:56:36
another four years. And
that's our program for
00:56:43
today listen again tomorrow to learn English
three stories from around the world
00:56:50
I'm Jonathan Evans and
I'm Ashley Thompson.
00:57:07
Below
00:57:07
a new. One Christopher fruit reporting
focused on organized peace talks involving
00:57:14
the United Arab Emirates on Monday
government officials were not immediately
00:57:19
available to discuss details of the meeting
but Taliban spokesman said the group's
00:57:24
representatives at the talks
spoke only to the U.S.
00:57:27
Team and had no plans to speak with
officials from Afghanistan's national unity
00:57:32
government. The U.S.
00:57:35
Military has carried out air strikes in
Somalia there are early reports of success
00:57:40
Associated Press correspondent
Karen Chamas reports the U.S.
00:57:43
Bases Africa Command said it carried out
full strikes on December the fifteenth in
00:57:47
which that people people were killed and
team will on December sixteenth which
00:57:51
killed twenty eight the command went on
to say that no civilians were injured or
00:57:55
killed in the attacks all six types
were carried out in close quarters with
00:57:59
Somalia's government which according to the
military conducts its But that also Bob
00:58:03
from using remote areas as
00:58:04
a safe haven to plot direct inspire and
recreate the teacher attacks as they're
00:58:09
praying to doing in those areas the U.S.
00:58:11
Military exceed the air strikes
did not kill any civilians U.S.
00:58:16
And Somali government forces have targeted
Shabab bases in Somalia's Lower Shabelle
00:58:21
region for years the U.N.
00:58:23
General Assembly voted nearly
unanimously on Monday to adopt
00:58:27
a framework to strengthen the international
response to the global refugee crisis
00:58:33
the United States and Hungary were the
only two nations to vote against the
00:58:37
so-called Global Compact on refugees one
hundred eighty one countries voted in
00:58:42
favor of the Dominican Republic
00:58:44
a rich Rio and Libya abstained over the
past months eighteen months States in
00:58:49
conjunction with the UN refugee agency
negotiated the non-binding document which
00:58:55
aims to ease the pressure on refugee
host countries this is V.O.A.
00:59:00
New. The United States is accusing two
former business associates of one time
00:59:07
trump national security advisor Michael
Flynn of illegally carrying out
00:59:11
a Turkish lobbying campaign in the United
States indictments were unsealed on
00:59:16
Monday against a sixty six
year old American and
00:59:19
a forty one year old Turk the two were
charged with conspiring to violate American
00:59:24
lobbying laws Prosecutors allege the men
worked with Flynn whom President Trump
00:59:29
named as his first national security chief
in twenty seventeen before firing him
00:59:34
less than a month later
00:59:36
a Senate report due to be released soon
says the Russian interference operation
00:59:42
discovered after the two thousand and
sixteen election was much bigger than
00:59:46
originally thought the Associated Press
Washington correspondent sagrada Ghani
00:59:50
reports from the White House the report
says there are still active and ongoing
00:59:55
Russian interference operations on social
media platforms private researchers eaves
01:00:00
data provided by Facebook Twitter
01:00:02
a company and Kylie report combined
with another report it's the first
01:00:07
comprehensive look Russian interference
on social media beyond what the companies
01:00:11
have said today's report says there
are still live accounts tied to
01:00:15
a Russian agency that was named to
the special counsel indictment for
01:00:19
a social media operation.
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